fusion with other organelles is strictly regulated. ... because it is the essential part of the vesicle and stays associated until the last moment before its fusion. When an endosome (a single-membrane compartment) fuses with an autophagosome, the product is an amphisome,2 which is also a single-membrane compart-ment (where the inner autophagosome membrane begins to be degraded; Fig. Binds phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2), a key component of late endosomes/lysosomes. At first, autophagosomes fuse with endosomes or endosome-derived vesicles. They found that INPP5E can enhance actin polymerization at the lysosome, a process necessary for autophagosome–lysosome fusion. Required for autophagosome clearance, possibly by mediating the fusion of lysosomes with autophagosomes (Probable). This fusion and maturation requires proteins also involved in endosome maturation such as Rab7. The lysosome is a degradative organelle, and its fusion with other organelles is strictly regulated. Stx17 localizes to the outer membrane of completed autophago- tosis and phagocytosis. autophagosome fusion with endosomes or lysosomes [37]. In vitro reconstitution of phagosome fusion with endosomes is instrumental in studying this intricate process. In contrast to fusion with the late endosome, the mechanisms underlying autophagosome-lysosome fusion remain unknown. doi:10.1111/tra.12283 Recruitment of VPS33A to HOPS by VPS16 Is Required for Lysosome Fusion with Endosomes and Autophagosomes Lena Wartosch1∗, Ufuk Günesdogan2, Stephen C. Graham3 and J. Paul Luzio1∗ 1Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK It is not clear whether just one or all three are blocked. The proteins or organelle to be degraded are encapsulated by an autophagosome that fuses either directly with a lysosome or with an endosome to form an amphisome, which then fuses with a lysosome. 1). However, it is not known if there are molecular requirements unique to AVi-endosome fusion. The subsequent fusion … Here, we identify syntaxin 17 (Stx17) as the autophagosomal SNARE required for fusion with the endosome/lysosome. EPG5 is a large-sized metazoan protein proposed to serve as a tethering factor to enforce autophagosome–lysosome/late endosome fusion specificity, and its … Here, we identify syntaxin 17 (Stx17) as the autophagosomal SNARE required for fusion with the endosome/lysosome. An autophagosome is a spherical structure with double layer membranes. Phagolysosome biogenesis plays a pivotal role in elimination of foreign particles and pathogens by leukocytes. In contrast to fusion with the late endosome,the mech-anisms underlying autophagosome-lysosome fusion remain unknown. A particular unresolved issue is the balance between bulk conversion by compartment fusion (e.g., fusion of the nascent autophagosome with an MVB) versus conversion of an autophagosome to a “endosome”-like compartment mediated by vesicle trafficking and fusion. They also provided a plausible mechanism. This process is achieved by multiple cycles of membrane fusion between the phagosome and the endosomal system. These data could be explained by ESCRT proteins affecting any of three fusion events in the autophagy pathway (Figure 1): (1) autophagosome–endosome fusion; (2) amphisome–lysosome fusion; or (3) autophagosome– lysosome fusion. Remain unknown cycles of membrane fusion between the phagosome and the endosomal system for fusion with endosomes endosome-derived! 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